With Due Respect: Is the Reformation just "German autism"?

 

Martin Luther, considered the person who kick started the Reformation

Recently, one of my Roman Catholic friends described how the Reformation is simply "German autistic response to Italian management".

His meme was direct. The Reformers were unnecessarily pedantic and idealistic to the more pragmatic and traditional Roman Catholic Church. So is his criticism valid?

A clash of two worlds
The Reformation did involve a collision between a more literal, text-obsessed, low-trust, high-conscientiousness Northern European mindset against a hierarchical, patronage-driven, Mediterranean ecclesiastical system centered on Rome.

Martin Luther’s obsessive focus on justification by faith, his demand that doctrine be tested against Scripture rather than tradition or papal decree, and the broader German/Swiss willingness to rupture institutional unity over principle all look, from a certain angle, like the theological equivalent of high-systemizing, low-agreeableness rigidity (commonly associated with our memetic view of autism).

The late-medieval papal court, with its Italian-dominated Curia, indulgences, simony, and Renaissance worldly pragmatism, can reasonably be caricatured as “management”—more concerned with cash flow, political alliances, and institutional continuity than with forensic theological purity.

Overly simplified
As with any catchphrase, this view of the history is overly abstracted. 

For one, the theological substance mattered. Sola scriptura and sola fide weren’t just German personality quirks; they addressed real late-medieval abuses and earlier reform currents such as Wycliff (English) and Hus (Czech). Even later Reformers like Calvin (French) and Zwingli (Swiss) expressed similar sentiments. Reducing it to national psychology erases the actual arguments.

Sure, Luther was confrontational, scrupulous, and sometimes pathological in his anxiety, but he was also a university professor, polemicist, and political operator who understood power.

Finally, the Roman Catholic side was not just simply corrupt Italian management. It contained its own reformers, mystics, and rigorous theologians; the Counter-Reformation later demonstrated considerable institutional seriousness.

Pope Leo X, the pope during the Reformation

Conclusion

Calling the core Reformation program "autistic" understates the situation they faced:

Late-medieval Western Christianity had accumulated practices and claims — the treasury of merits, the sale of indulgences as a revenue system, mandatory clerical celibacy amid widespread concubinage, the practical withholding of Scripture from the laity, and an increasingly monarchical papacy — that were not minor administrative quirks. Bear in mind that Rome's responses were rarely to seek clarification, but to condemn and suppress.

If you take the Bible as the final norm (the Reformers’ premise), then questions of how a person is justified before God, what constitutes the Church, and whether the pope has universal jurisdiction are not just fine print. The insistence on precision was closer to necessary clarity on the salvation of mankind.

Theology 1.0: What is the New Perspectives on Paul?

 

The "New Perspective on Paul" (often abbreviated as NPP) refers to a scholarly movement in biblical studies that reinterprets the theology of the Apostle Paul, particularly his views on justification, the law (Torah), and salvation. 

Popularised by theologian NT Wright in 1990s, NPP argues that Paul's critiques of "works of the law" (Romans 3:20; Galatians 2:16) were not primarily aimed at a legalistic, works-righteousness Judaism, but rather at ethnic boundary markers that excluded Gentiles from God's covenant people. This perspective emphasizes the historical and Jewish context of the first-century world, portraying Judaism as a grace-based covenant community rather than a religion of merit-earning.

In this post I will attempt to show the best arguments on of the sides supporting and opposing NPP.

Differences between traditional (old perspective) and NPP

I would like to highlight some of the key differences here:

A) View of Judaism
Traditionalists see Judaism as a legalistic system. In other words, you earn your salvation (in Judaism) via good works. 

NPP proponents see Judaism as a grace-based system where you obtain salvation via election.

B) Works of Law
Traditionalists see "works of law" as human efforts to obtain righteousness, while NPP proponents see it as describing Jewish practices such as observing Sabbath and circumcision.

C) Justification
Traditionalists see justification as forensic; God declares sinners righteous based on Christ's imputed merit, received by faith alone (sola fide). 

NPP proponents see justification as declarative; God's verdict on covenant membership; faith marks inclusion, works evidence it.

D) Paul's critique
Thus, traditionalists see Paul's writings as being against human inability to keep the law perfectly due to sin.

NPP proponents see Paul's writings as being against ethnic exclusivity; Torah's role is fulfilled in Christ for all.

My view
I think the NPP attempts to reading Paul in his Jewish context, avoiding anachronistic Protestant lenses. It highlights Gentile inclusion as central to Paul's gospel and reminds us that faith produces works.

NPP also recognises Paul’s positive view of the law (Romans 3:31) and his Jewish identity, while addressing the social realities of Jew-Gentile tensions in early Christianity.

However, NPP runs the risk of injection modern ideas (like social justice and inclusion) into the text, while downplaying Paul’s emphasis on human sinfulness and inability to keep the law, central to the traditional view. Paul’s critique of "works of the law" includes any effort to achieve righteousness apart from Christ, not just ethnic markers. Romans 7:14–25 portrays the law’s inability to overcome human weakness, pointing to universal need for grace.

With Due Respect: Did Apostle Paul endorse slavery?

 

Saint Paul Writing His Epistles, (Valentin de Boulogne, c. 1618 - 1620)

Recently I saw some Christian critics online saying that Christianity endorsed slavery, with special attention to Apostle Paul. After all, Paul instructed slaves to serve their masters well in Ephesians 6:5-8.

Slaves, obey your earthly masters with respect and fear, and with sincerity of heart, just as you would obey Christ. Obey them not only to win their favor when their eye is on you, but as slaves of Christ, doing the will of God from your heart. Serve wholeheartedly, as if you were serving the Lord, not people, because you know that the Lord will reward each one for whatever good they do, whether they are slave or free. -- Ephesians 6:5-8

However this is a very myopic reading. We have to be fair to the text. Paul lived in the 1st-century Roman Empire, where slavery was a widespread and deeply entrenched institution. His letters, written to early Christian communities, reflect this context. He does not explicitly condemn or endorse slavery as an institution, but his writings address how Christians should navigate relationships within that social structure.

Slaves in the Roman Empire
The modern concept of slavery is different from the Roman concept of it. Slavery in the Roman world was not based on race but on conquest, debt, or birth. Slaves could hold varied roles, from laborers to educated professionals, and manumission (freeing slaves) was common. Yes, slaves in the Roman Empire could earn their freedom.

Paul’s audience included both slaves and slaveholders, and his letters aimed to foster unity in diverse Christian communities.  As a religious leader, not a political revolutionary, Paul focused on spiritual transformation.

In one explicit example, Paul appealed for the freedom of a slave
In this short letter, Paul writes to Philemon, a Christian slaveholder, about Onesimus, an enslaved person who had become a Christian. Paul urges Philemon to receive Onesimus "no longer as a slave, but better than a slave, as a dear brother".

Perhaps the reason he was separated from you for a little while was that you might have him back forever— no longer as a slave, but better than a slave, as a dear brother. He is very dear to me but even dearer to you, both as a fellow man and as a brother in the Lord. - Philemon 1: 15-16

Paul’s language advocates for Onesimus’ freedom, as treating him as a "brother" in Christ undermines the slave-master dynamic.

William Wilberforce

Paul's letters inspired William Wilberforce to abolish slavery

William Wilberforce, the British parliamentarian and evangelical Christian who led the successful campaign to abolish the slave trade in the British Empire in 1807 (and slavery itself in 1833), drew deep inspiration from Scripture. His faith, awakened in the mid-1780s, compelled him to view abolition as a divine mandate to address social injustice.

In his diaries (as revealed by the book The Life of William Wilberforce), he would quote Galatians (one of Paul's letters) often.  It encapsulated his endurance amid fierce opposition, including parliamentary defeats, personal health struggles, and public vilification over nearly 20 years of advocacy.

Let us not become weary in doing good, for at the proper time we will reap a harvest if we do not give up. - Galatians 6:9

Wilberforce's worldview was shaped by verses emphasizing human equality, such as Galatians 3:28 ("There is neither Jew nor Gentile, neither slave nor free, nor is there male and female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus"), which he saw as a foundational critique of slavery's dehumanization.

So in Christ Jesus you are all children of God through faith, for all of you who were baptized into Christ have clothed yourselves with Christ. There is neither Jew nor Gentile, neither slave nor free, nor is there male and female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus. If you belong to Christ, then you are Abraham’s seed, and heirs according to the promise. - Galatians 3:26-29

Inspired by his Christian faith, he wrote in A Practical View of Christianity (1797),
“The grand object of religion is to bring the soul to a state of just affections towards God and man... the love of our neighbor must know no bounds.”

Conclusion
Paul did not endorse slavery as a moral good, but he also did not outright call for its abolition. His concerns were to encourage Christians to live out their faith within existing social structures while emphasizing spiritual equality and ethical treatment.

Paul's writings were also inspired William Wilberforce 1700 years later to abolish slavery in the British Empire.

Alternative Culture: Guardians of the Galaxy Holiday Special Theological Review

 

Mantis and Drax search Hollywood for Kevin Bacon

After the debacle that is Marvel Phase 4, I finally mustered the courage to catch Guardians of Galaxy Holiday Special. I am glad (and relieved) to say that it is one of the better shows of the Marvel Phase 4 (other than Spider-Man: No Way Home). 

In this post, I want to focus on the theological aspect of the movie, rather than just a review. There might be spoilers, so this is your spoiler-warning.

Values are not universal or self-evident
Right of the bat, the movie goes on to show that the values of the aliens (even within the Guardians) differ from each other. For instance, Drax howled with laughter when Peter's sad Christmas memory was shared, much to Mantis's disgust.

Another example is clearly shown later in the movie when the aliens were obviously fine with human trafficking while Peter (who is a half-human) was morally outraged.

This values dissonance is actually draws in attention how much of our modern day morals are drawn from the experiences of our ancestors. In other words, moral values are neither self-evident or empirical. Atheist philosopher John Gray rightly pointed out in his book Straw Dogs (2003) that our values of human rights and individualism come from Christianity, or specifically that we humans all are equal and valuable before the divine.

For instance, modern slavery is not seen with the same outrage in countries which experienced more levels of Western influence (and hence Christianity). In another example, the historic movement to disband slavery globally (within the British Empire) was also Christian-led (by William Wilberforce).

The distortion of Santa Claus and the Christmas message

Another interesting thing that the movie shows is how easily Christmas lore can be distorted. Near the start of the movie, an alien band sang about how Santa Claus "shoots missiles at your toes" and is a "burglar". To us, it is an obvious misunderstanding of "mistletoe" and Santa entering houses at night.

This is should serve as a warning to Christians on how easily the Christian message can be changed. Even within the first century of Jesus's death, the Gnostics rose up to claim that secret knowledge is required for salvation. After the legalisation of Christianity in the Roman Empire, Arianism arose to claim that the members of the Trinity were not equal. In medieval times, the Cathars advocated against reproduction. Even today, there is a promotion of the prosperity gospel which encourages the pursuit of wealth and health at as evidence of spirituality.

Thus Christians must always be discerning about ideas that are presented to them.

Dear friends, do not believe every spirit, but test the spirits to see whether they are from God, because many false prophets have gone out into the world. 2 This is how you can recognize the Spirit of God: Every spirit that acknowledges that Jesus Christ has come in the flesh is from God -- 1 John 4:1-2

An alien band plays a Christmas song to Peter, without understanding what Christmas is

Uniting as family is important
The major thing I think the film does well is the secular presentation of the Christmas message. Christmas is not about gifts or Santa Claus, but rather uniting as one family.

This film parallels the Christian message, which emphasises that the birth of Jesus paved a way for the people to be adopted into the family of God.  

For he chose us in him before the creation of the world to be holy and blameless in his sight. In love he predestined us for adoption to sonship through Jesus Christ, in accordance with his pleasure and will—  to the praise of his glorious grace, which he has freely given us in the One he loves. -- Ephesians 1: 4-6

Of course I am not saying Peter's father represents God in any way, but the fact that the movie focuses on the importance of the intangible ties between the Guardians (specially two of them).

The Guardians exchange gifts with each other

Conclusion
I am pleasantly surprised but how a short and simple Marvel film can bring a warm message. I recommend it.

My confessions: My reflection on the 500th year of Reformation

Martin Luther was often credited to be the father of the Reformation

Mention the Reformation, and many of my friends look at me with ignorant faces. Some think it is a historical thing, while others restrict it to a Caucasian event. In fact, when my friend suggested I give a talk on how the Reformation affects Singaporeans, I laughed. It should be the simplest talk ever. It doesn't.

But it should.

The world today
It is hard to argue for the importance of the Reformation in this day and age. After all, the Reformation led to a period of religious wars in Europe, and religious disputes are often seen as dangerous, racist and uncharitable. We value peace and stability over truth and accuracy. Even my youth pastor once mentioned that the Reformation was over a dispute over minor matters.

Secondly as my friend puts it, "Singaporeans are a practical people".  Religion appears to have no practical effect on the lives of people other than appealing to tradition and culture. For the most of us, our knowledge of even our own religion tends to be superficial and third-hand. Even when we are interested in religion, we tend to try to find practical tips in Christian living, rather than digging deep and finding truth.

The importance of the Reformation
However, the message of the Reformation is still relevant as ever. The crux (key message) of the Reformation is about justification, or "what makes us just before God".

The Reformers argued that the purpose of life is to be justified before God, and to be counted as righteous. This runs contrary to our secular way of where we seek acceptance through our work, achievements or connections. And secular demands places a lot of pride in our work (and ignores God) and much stress on our health.

What should we do?
Instead of remembering the Reformation as some trivial history, I encourage everyone to dig down deep. Remember what Christ did for us, instead of assuming that we earned our way.

With Due Respect: Miracles happen in other religions too!

Too often I have heard many a friend state that presence of miracles to prove their belief system is true. For instance, they would pray for a friend or a family member to be healed, and he/she is healed supernaturally. This proves that their point of view is correct, right?

Christianity does not discount the possibility of the supernatural in other faiths
As a Christian, I recognise the possibility of miracles. In the Apostle's Creed, I confess the virgin birth and the resurrection of Jesus.

Therefore, I also do recognise the possibility of the supernatural activities. My point is whether any of such miracles deny the reality of the life and death and resurrection of Jesus.

In other words, miracles of other belief systems by themselves do not lessen the case for Christianity.

The point of Christianity is not too simply perform miracles
One of the evidence of Christianity is the miracle of the resurrection of Jesus.

However, many would claim this point to be able to heal supernaturally or pray in tongues. If that was all we preached, we completely missed the love of God.

The point of Jesus's sacrifice was that he loved us so much, he died for our sins so that we can be reconciled with God. And if we missed that, we will be so much poorer.

Alternative Culture: Youth Shunning religion in Singapore

Singapore's leading newspaper, The Straits Times recently published an article about the drop of number of religious believers.

In this post, I will not be questioning the validity of the findings, nor will I be criticising the purpose of such an article.

I simply want to what the article (if true) means in terms of theology.

Religion on the decline

The article claims that that the trend is due to an increasing number of people being brought up in nominally-religious families. This is expected -- if God becomes less important in our daily lives, worship would cease.

According to the article,

"Academics and religious leaders The Straits Times spoke to said the trend of non-religious affiliation is in tandem with an increasingly educated populace, some of whom might move away from religion if it does not connect with their lives and needs."

This is especially true for those in the nominal Protestants, where our sense of tradition is less pronounced than our Muslim and Buddhist friends.

Moral without God

According to a Mr Seah in the article,

"I don't think I need divine guidance to make a right or wrong decision. Reason alone can guide such decision- making"

And if Christianity is simply about making people moral, then Mr Seah is correct. One can carry out moral actions without believing in anything.

What I would argue is that it is hard to have a source of morality without religion. Mr Seah's world view may sound ideal, but it fails to answer the question of whose reasoning should reign supreme. As we all know, everyone reasons differently.

Conclusion
Christianity is more than just moral teaching or tradition. Other religions, and atheism can provide that. Christianity is about knowing the identity of God and loving him.

And I wished more people knew that.

Alternative culture: How theology infuenced ISIS

Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, or ISIS, is a terrorist organisation which currently controls some Iraqi, Lebanese and Syrian territories. Claiming to be a Caliphate (a successor kingdom to the one Prophet Muhammad established), ISIS urges all Sunni Muslims to fight the decadent West and recognise its statehood.

ISIS has also claimed responsiblity for the 2015 Paris attacks and 2016 Brussels bombings.

In this post I will be exploring why the theology of ISIS is so attractive to potential recruits.

Why they are convincing
The temptation is to brush off the members of ISIS as gullible fools who were mislead into following a misguided form of a religion. Yet we have educated professionals signing up to ISIS to serve as doctors, military strategists and computer engineers. Why?

To a secular audience it may sound weird, but true religion is not just hobby people share with friends. To a true religious person, God is the most important thing in their lives. ISIS uses this fact well in its recruitment.

If all that is needed to be justified before God and enter paradise is to die for him, then ISIS is the most logical and safest bet for eternity. In the course of life, it is inevitable that one feels guilt on all the mistakes one has done in his or her life. Yet in final judgement, if God brings up one's sins, one could tell God that "I died for you", and therefore is worthy of paradise.

In the light of Christianity
However in Christianity, one could not use that reasoning. Even if we were to give our lives in following God, we do not change the fact that God (in the manhood of Jesus) had died for us. Our only hope is that God would reveal Himself to us in such a way that He chose us.

Conclusion
Any level-headed analysis of any movement must take into the account its theology.

For more information
ISIS

Theology 1.0: What is a cult?

What are cults?
A cult is a sub-group that claims the beliefs of its parent, but deviates from the main doctrine of the parent.

For instance, many consider the Eastern Lightning a Christian cult This because it claims to follow the doctrine of Christianity, but argues that Jesus has returned in the form of a woman.

The Arian movement is also considered a Christian cult, as it denies the triune God.

Do Christian cults challenge the truth of Christianity?
As with any ideology, it is inevitable that variants would crop up. Even in atheistic philosophy such as Communism, there are many deviants like Leninism and Stalinism.

However, just as a counterfeit bank note does not disprove the existence of a real Singapore note or the Monetary Authority of Singapore, cults do not bring into doubt religious belief.

If anything, they should make us examine closely our own beliefs.

Alternative Culture: The Law Demands Grace Supplies review

[Disclaimer: I have reviewed this DVD as part of my Lent series. Before watching this DVD, I had only listened to Joseph Prince preached once on Leviticus, a long time ago. Thus before this review I had a neutral view of Pastor Prince.

I do not claim to be an expert in theology or apologetics. I merely attended a few theological courses in my free time in university. I consider myself a Christian who is interested in knowing God better and more.]

Pastor Joseph Prince

A few years ago, a friend passed me the DVD from New Creation Church, The Law Demands Grace Supplies (2011). After promising to review it, I chucked it in my cabinet and clean forgot about it. Recently, as part of my Lent series, I decided to review some of the Christian literature I have. Thus I pulled it out to do a review.

Synopsis
After an enthusiastic introduction by two Americans, a band begins to play a few worship songs I am unfamiliar with. Then Pastor Prince begins his sermon.

He starts by talking about the Passover, specifically on how God promised physical deliverance to the ancient Jews. He then explains that God also promised us to deliver us from sickness.

Then he moves on to the meat of his sermon -- how under the law, we are all condemned. However, under the grace of God, we all can obtain his blessings which includes "health and wealth".

Theological Review
Law demands
I liked this segment. Prince accurately how under God's law, no one is justified, and all are guilty. This follows closely to what the Apostle Paul writes in Romans 3: 19-20:

Now we know that whatever the law says, it says to those who are under the law, so that every mouth may be silenced and the whole world held accountable to God. Therefore no one will be declared righteous in God’s sight by the works of the law; rather, through the law we become conscious of our sin.

If we follow tightly to God's law and justice, our rightful reward is death. As in Romans 6:23:

 For the wages of sin is death, but the gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord.

Grace supplies
Although I looked forward to the second part on grace, unfortunately I found much of this part disagreeable. While I passionately agree with Pastor Prince that Christ died for our sins (past, present and future), I depart in the area of blessings.

 Pastor Prince eloquently asserts that we can access God's blessings for us and that included the "lesser blessings" of "health and wealth", using the example of Abraham. We just needed enough faith in grace of God.

One of his quotes that irked me was "Jesus lived a short life so that we can live long lives". I find that quote disingenuous. Christians for the first 300 years after the death of Christ were severely persecuted by the Roman authorities. Presently, Christians in North Korea and the Middle East are hunted down. To say that Christ died so we can all materially benefit is neither safe nor right, especially when so many of my siblings-in-Christ suffer so much.

Misquoting the New Testament
Furthermore, Pastor Prince's draws references to 2 Corinthians 8:9 which says

 For you know the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ, that though he was rich, yet for your sake he became poor, so that you through his poverty might become rich.

and follows it up with the next chapter (in the video he says "next verse", but I will treat it as an honest mistake) in 2 Corinthians 9:7:

Each one must give as he has decided in his heart, not reluctantly or under compulsion, for God loves a cheerful giver

He then concludes that God wants to makes us (financially) rich so that we can give back to him.

However, a close examination of 2 Corinthians 8:9 shows that the richness of Jesus did not refer to material finances (Jesus was a carpenter, and did not have enough money to feed his followers at times, like in Matthew 14.). Thus I am puzzled how Pastor Prince can pull such a reference to material richness.

Conclusion
I took a long time to write this article, as I wanted to be accurate. It was not easy to write as I find myself a bit too eager to condemn, so I re-watched several parts in order not to misrepresent any view.

I must say I am disappointed with the DVD. I expect him to emphasise on justification -- not that we rely on our good works for salvation, but faith in God.

On the issue of law and receiving grace, I find myself in agreement with Pastor Prince, but I start to depart from him on the issue of the blessing that grace supplies. To give the idea that God blesses us materially as long as we have faith is false.

God was with Joseph in Genesis 39, but he was in prison. John the Baptist was a holy man, but he was beheaded in Mark 6. To empahsise God's blessings as "health and wealth" is neither safe nor right.

For further reading
Persecution of Christians

Alternative Culture: Age of Aztec review

Aziciting Aztecs!
What happened if the Aztecs conquered the old world? In this novel, James Lovegrove explores an alternate reality where the Aztecs had ruled the world for hundred of years.

Synopsis
Welcome to 2012 London, where a premier footballer willingly sacrifices his life (and literally his heart) to appease the Aztec pantheon. The crowds cheer in support and even children are brought to marvel at the sight.

Enter the Conquistador, a vigilante with similarities to the Punisher and Batman. With an ambitious aim to overthrow Aztec rule over the British, the Conquistador is not above killing and using terror tactics to pursue his goals.

Mal, a police officer is dispatched to stop the Conquistador, even as her loyalties to the Aztec are questioned. Who will prevail?

What I liked
I really enjoyed the idea on how theology drives the culture of the world. For instance, captial punishment is regarded as the norm and violence is accepted as part of sporting and workplace culture. This puts us in a perspective that should be uncomfortable with the modern day person, who tends peace for granted.

Furthermore, the Aztec gods are portrayed as bickering superhumans, as opposed to the omnipotent and omnibenevolent Judeo-Christian God we are all so used to.


What was missing
I kind of wished that the author explored the world more. Although passing references were made to the Mayans, Japanese, French and the Americans, I wished he had described what had happened in Africa and the rest of Asia.

I also wished he had described more of how Europe fells to the invading Aztecs.

Conclusion
The novel is a great read, and explores how theology guides society. I give it a 75/100.

Theology 1.0: Is a theology essential for a Christian?

During a one Alpha Weekend (a church camp designed for new Christians and non-Christians) the question of the importance theology arose among my small group. Does it matter if we view the Holy Communion a sacrament, a vehicle of grace or purely representative? Is it it important to allow or ban infant baptism?

The general sentiment was that theology was not as important as Christian unity. In my opinion, while a deep understanding of theology is not essential for salvation, it is an inevitable part of a Christian's journey with God.

The inevitable part of knowing God more
Just as in any human relationship, we may know little about the person at the start, but grow to know him/her person as our lives progresses.

As an analogy, let me use my relationship with my parents. When I was born, the concept of parenthood may not even be formulated in my infant mind, yet that does not change the fact that my parents exist. As I grow older, it was inevitable that I know

Just as so with our relationship with God.

The importance of theology
In having a theology, we clearly state that God has spoken. As Christians, the God we believe in is theistic-- God is actively involved with the world. What I mean here is that theology is not an extension of God's word, but simply our response to God.

In having a strong theology, we can live our lives as close to the gospels as possible.

Conclusion
As Christians, knowing God more is an inevitable part of Christian life. I invite all of you to find out more!

For further reading
The importance of confession

Pursuing illogical studies?

Theology 1.0: Why is it important to engage with culture?

In the world but not of the world
Recently, my colleague commented that I take fictional works likes stories, plays and movies too seriously. He does have a point. Movies like Lego aren't meant to be taken apart and studied methodically like a textbook on invertebrate dissection.

So why have an alternative culture section?
Taking a page from the Medieval monks (Hanman, 2010), I think that engaging with culture (especially popular culture) is important.

Firstly it provides a common ground to talk about. If we begin a conversation to discuss the Bible with our non-Christian friends, they might lose interest quickly.

Secondly, I passionately believe that every piece of creation, whether human or natural, for good or for bad, is a talking ground for Christianity. This everything can be viewed through the lens of Christianity. Every piece of human art has some level of divine-connotation because the creation of humanity is God-breathed.

Summary
I am not saying that we should engage with culture purely for evangelistic purposes. I am saying that if we love our neighbours, we undoubtly know more about their interests, even if we disagree with the natural of their hobbies.

We can show that Christ even speaks to them in their culture.

References
Hanman, J. (2010) God's Philosophers

For further reading
Bethinking

Alternative Culture: Ah Boys to Men review

Recently, I caught the latest Jack Neo film, Ah Boys to Men. This film mainly covers the experiences of Ken Chow (Joshua Tan) as he is conscripted into the army as part of the National Service policy of Singapore. Having hating the idea of enlisting in the first place, Ken soon finds every day spent in the military is a waste of time.

Theology of Ken
In this post I want to focus on Ken's ultimate aim in life, as portrayed by the film. Without spoiling too much, Ken's aim was to reconcile with his girlfriend, even at the cost of his own health.

To Ken, his relationship with his girlfriend was the most important thing in his life. Thus, it is little wonder why he views army as a bane, as it keeps him away from his girlfriend. As part of his basic military training, he has to be kept on Pulau Tekong (the military training camp) for two weeks. However due to a mistake, he has to stay in the camp for a further one week, causing him to be hate the military even more.

As we can see in film, what we make as our most important thing in our lives can affect how we treat other things. Following what I mentioned above Ken's almost divine view of his girlfriend results in his self-destructive behaviour.

So forgive me if I twitch a little everytime someone suggests we leave religion at the backdoor. The question "Who is God?" is the most vital question that we can ever ask Because what we treat as the "god" or the most important thing in our lives affects how we treat everything else. If we get this question wrong, then we get everything in our lives wrong.

Ken's theology was lacking because his view of "god" was unrealistic (his girlfriend was unable to satisfy his need for identity) and unsatisfactory (his girlfriend was not as faithful as he expected). That should serve as a warning to all of us.

I guess that's why I'm thankful as a Christian. This God is not only loving, faithful, but also true. This God is more than an opinion. So why not explore this God, come and see?

Overall
I enjoyed the movie. The way the actors communicated sounded genuinely Singaporean and the 1970s flashbacks were accurate and enjoyable. I also loved the way the supporting cast argue over the relevance and contributions of National Service in the context of Singapore as it expresses the concerns of Singaporeans reliably.

Nevertheless, there were some flaws. I did not like the unrealistic combat scenes in the opening minutes (how can an armoured vehicle shoot down a helicopter so easily?). I also felt cheated as the context behind the opening action was revealed.

I give the film a 70/100.

Further reading
Bethinking on identity

Theology 1.0-- Why is theology important.

This video [based on Pastor Joshua Harris's book Dug Down Deep (2010)] says it more eloquently as I can.

How we view God, whether we believe or disbelieve in Him, shapes our lifestyle, and our point of view. That is why theology, the study of God/god/gods, religion and faith is important.